Guimauve

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Althaea officinalis

Nom de la plante

Guimauve, marshmallow (anglais)

Dénomination latine internationale

Althaea officinalis L.

Famille botanique

Malvaceae

Description et habitat

  • Grande herbe vivace (60 - 120 cm), à feuilles lobées et dentées
  • Corolle à 5 pétales blanc rosé
  • Spontanée dans toute l’Europe, surtout les marais et les littoraux de la façade atlantique
  • Racine pivotante conique de couleur blanche

Histoire et tradition

Parties utilisées

  • Racine, feuille, fleur

Formes galéniques disponibles

Dosages usuels

Composition

Composants principaux de la plante

Composants principaux des bourgeons ou jeunes pousses

Composants principaux de l'huile essentielle

Propriétés

Propriétés de la plante

Propriétés du bourgeon

Propriétés de l'huile essentielle

Indications

Indications de la plante entière (phytothérapie)

  • Bâton de racine de guimauve dans les poussées dentaires
  • Parodontopathies
  • Toux sèches irritantes, asthme, un mélange contenant Matricaria chamomilla, Althaea officinalis, Malva sylvestris, Hyssopus officinalis, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ziziphus jujuba diminue les réactivations consécutives aux rhinites avec toux et réveils nocturnes chez les enfants asthmatiques [21], un mélange associant racines de guimauve, feuilles de lierre grimpant, branches de thym, fruits d'anis vert est actif sur les toux irritatives [22], [23], hypersécrétion bronchique
  • Tous les troubles inflammatoires du tube digestif : gastrite, iléite, colite, diverticulite, rectite
  • Bains de bouche dans la stomatite due à la chimiothérapie [24]
  • Cystites
  • Inflammation cutanée, furoncles et abcès en application locale de la fleur en infusion
  • Agent de blanchiment, inhibition de l'activation des mélanocytes [25]

Indications du bourgeon (gemmothérapie)

Indications spécifiques de l'huile essentielle (aromathérapie)

Mode d'action connu ou présumé

  • Les mucilages se dissolvent plus ou moins et gonflent au contact de l'eau pour former des solutions colloïdales améliorant la glisse des sécrétions

Formulations usuelles

Réglementation

Effets indésirables éventuels et précautions d'emploi

Références bibliographiques

  1. Gudej J. Flavonoids, Phenolic Acids and Coumarins from the Roots of Althaea officinalis. Planta Med. 1991 Jun;57(3):284-5. PMID 17226162
  2. Assessment report on Althaea officinalis L., radix. EMA/HMPC/436680/2015, Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) 12 July 2016 pdf
  3. Peter Capek, Rudolf Toman, Alžbeta Kardošová, Jozef Rosík. Polysaccharides from the roots of the marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis L.): Structure of an arabinan. Carbohydrate Research, Volume 117, 16 June 1983, Pages 133–140
  4. S. M. Ali Shah, Naveed Akhtar, M. Akram, Pervaiz Akhtar Shah, Tariq Saeed, Khalil Ahmed, H. M. Asif. Pharmacological activity of Althaea officinalis L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(24), pp. 5662-5666, 30 October, 2011 [1]
  5. Xue T, Ruan K, Tang Z, Duan J, Xu H. Isolation, structural properties, and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis Linn.: A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 1;242(Pt 4):125098. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125098. Epub 2023 May 26. PMID 37245776.
  6. Mahboubi M. Marsh Mallow (Althaea officinalis L.) and Its Potency in the Treatment of Cough. Complement Med Res. 2020;27(3):174-183. English. doi: 10.1159/000503747. PMID 31770755.
  7. Gabriela Nosáľvá, Anna Strapková, Alžbeta Kardošová, Peter Capek. Antitussive Activity of a Rhamnogalacturonan Isolated from the Roots of Althaea Officinalis L., Var. Robusta. Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Volume 12, Issue 4-5, 1993 [2]
  8. Sutovská M, Nosálová G, Sutovský J, Franová S, Prisenznáková L, Capek P. Possible mechanisms of dose-dependent cough suppressive effect of Althaea officinalis rhamnogalacturonan in guinea pigs test system. Int J Biol Macromol. 2009 Jul 1;45(1):27-32. PMID 19447256
  9. Sutovska M, Nosalova G, Franova S, Kardosova A. The antitussive activity of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis l., var. Robusta, Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules, and Prunus persica L., Batsch. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2007;108(2):93-9. PMID 17685009
  10. Rouhi Hamid, Ganji Forouzan. Effect of Althaea Officinalis on Cough Associated with ACE Inhibitors. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 01/2007 [3]
  11. AE Al-Snafi. The pharmaceutical importance of Althaea officinalis and Althaea rosea: a review. Int J PharmTech Res 5 (3), 1378-1385
  12. Sutowska M et all. Antitussive activity of Althaea officinalis polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan and its change in guinea pigs with ovalbumin-induced airways inflammation. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2011, 112 12 [4]
  13. Alcaraz MJ, Hoult JR. Actions of flavonoids and the novel anti-inflammatory flavone, hypolaetin-8-glucoside, on prostaglandin biosynthesis and inactivation. Biochem Pharmacol. 1985 Jul 15;34(14):2477-82. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(85)90529-5. PMID 3839399.
  14. Moroney MA, Alcaraz MJ, Forder RA, Carey F, Hoult JR. Selectivity of neutrophil 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition by an anti-inflammatory flavonoid glycoside and related aglycone flavonoids. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1988 Nov;40(11):787-92. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1988.tb05173.x. PMID 2907559.
  15. M. J. Alcaraz, M. Moroney , J. R. S. Hoult. Effects of Hypolaetin-8-O-glucoside and its Aglycone in in vivo and in vitro Tests for Anti-Inflammatory agents. Planta Med 1989; 55(1): 107-108. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-961879
  16. Alcaraz, M.J. and Tordera, M. (1988), Studies on the gastric anti-ulcer activity of hypolaetin-8-glucoside. Phytother. Res., 2: 85-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650020208
  17. Villar A, Gasco MA, Alcaraz MJ. Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of hypolaetin-8-glucoside, a novel plant flavonoid. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1984 Dec;36(12):820-3. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1984.tb04884.x. PMID 6151974.
  18. Suzan Ozturk, Sezai Ercisli. Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Althaea officinalis. and Althaea cannabina. from Turkey. Pharmaceutical Biology 2007 45:3, 235-240
  19. Mahfuz Elmastas, Lokman Ozturk, Isa Gokce, Ramazan Erenler, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein. Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Marshmallow Flower (Althaea officinalis L.). Analytical Letters, Volume 37, Issue 9, 2004, pages 1859-1869 DOI:10.1081/AL-120039431
  20. Wang Z, Jiang X, Zhang L, Chen H. Protective effects of Althaea officinalis L. extract against N-diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial apoptosis and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Food Sci Nutr. 2023 May 26;11(8):4756-4772. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3455. PMID 37576045; PMCID: PMC10420783.
  21. Javid A, Motevalli Haghi N, Emami SA, Ansari A, Zojaji SA, Khoshkhui M, Ahanchian H. Short-course administration of a traditional herbal mixture ameliorates asthma symptoms of the common cold in children. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019 Mar-Apr;9(2):126-133. PMID 30984577; PMCID: PMC6448545.
  22. Büechi S, Vögelin R, von Eiff MM, Ramos M, Melzer J. Open trial to assess aspects of safety and efficacy of a combined herbal cough syrup with ivy and thyme. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005 Dec;12(6):328-32. doi: 10.1159/000088934. PMID 16391481.
  23. Ali Z, Daniyal M, Adhia MK, Alam A, Sarfaraz B, Sattar A, Usmanghani K. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CofNovex plus (EMA) syrup. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017 Mar;30(2(Suppl.)):591-596. PMID 28650326.
  24. Ghorbani, M., Taghadosi, M., Akbari, H., & Sharifi, M. (2019). Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Althaea officinalis root on improving chemotherapy-induced stomatitis: A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 8(1), 14. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A566481092/HRCA?u=anon~6da76024&sid=googleScholar&xid=cb296974
  25. Akemi Kobayashi, Akira Hachiya, Atsushi Ohuchi, Takashi Kitahara, Yoshinori Takema. Inhibitory Mechanism of an Extract of Althaea officinalis L. on Endothelin-1-Induced Melanocyte Activation. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Vol. 25 (2002) , No. 2 229
  26. Benbassat N, Kostova B, Nikolova I, Rachev D. Development and evaluation of novel lozenges containing marshmallow root extract. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2013 Nov;26(6):1103-7. PMID 24191313
  • Wichtl Max, Anton Robert. Plantes thérapeutiques : Tradition, pratique officinale, science et thérapeutique. Ed. Tec & Doc. Cachan. 1999. p. 23
  • Rani S, Khan SA, Ali M. Phytochemical investigation of the seeds of Althea officinalis L. Nat Prod Res. 2010 Sep;24(14):1358-64. doi: 10.1080/14786411003650777. PMID 20803381